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HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control, control de enlace síncrono de datos) es un protocolo de comunicaciones de propósito general punto a punto y multipunto, que opera a nivel de enlace de datos. Se basa en ISO 3309 e ISO 4335. Surge como una evolución del anterior SDLC. Proporciona recuperación de errores en caso de pérdida de paquetes de datos, fallos de secuencia y otros, por lo que ofrece una comunicación confiable entre el transmisor y el receptor. De este protocolo derivan otros como LAPB, LAPF, LLC y PPP.

Configuración de HDLC

R1#configure terminal
R1(config)#interface Serial0/0
R1(config-if)#encapsulation hdlc
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.252
R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R2#configure terminal
R2(config)#interface Serial0/0
R2(config-if)#encapsulation hdlc
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R1#show  interface Serial0/0                 
Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is up
  Hardware is GT96K Serial
  Internet address is 192.168.12.1/30
  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
  Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set
  Keepalive set (10 sec)
  CRC checking enabled
  Last input 00:00:01, output 00:00:00, output hang never
  Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:34:44
  Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
  Queueing strategy: weighted fair
  Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
     Conversations  0/1/256 (active/max active/max total)
     Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
     Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
     239 packets input, 16566 bytes, 0 no buffer
     Received 234 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
     249 packets output, 17471 bytes, 0 underruns
     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 4 interface resets
     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
     0 carrier transitions
     DCD=up  DSR=up  DTR=up  RTS=up  CTS=up

R2#ping 192.168.12.1         
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.12.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/35/72 ms

Point-to-Point Protocol

Point-to-point Protocol (Protocolo punto a punto), también conocido por su acrónimo PPP, es un protocolo de nivel de enlace estandarizado en el documento RFC 1661. Por tanto, se trata de un protocolo asociado a la pila TCP/IP de uso en Internet.

R1#configure terminal
R1(config)#interface Serial0/0
R1(config-if)#encapsulation ppp
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.252
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#

R2#configure terminal
R2(config)#interface Serial0/0
R2(config-if)#encapsulation ppp
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#

R2#show  interface Serial0/0
Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is up
  Hardware is GT96K Serial
  Internet address is 192.168.12.2/30
  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
  Encapsulation PPP, LCP Open
  Open: IPCP, CDPCP, loopback not set
  Keepalive set (10 sec)
  CRC checking enabled
  Last input 00:00:16, output 00:00:08, output hang never
  Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:06:03
  Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
  Queueing strategy: weighted fair
  Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
     Conversations  0/1/256 (active/max active/max total)
     Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
     Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
     83 packets input, 3580 bytes, 0 no buffer
     Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
     83 packets output, 3580 bytes, 0 underruns
     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
     0 carrier transitions
     DCD=up  DSR=up  DTR=up  RTS=up  CTS=up

R2#ping 192.168.12.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.12.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 32/46/68 ms

Comandos debug de PPP

debug ppp authentication
debug ppp negotiation
debug ppp packet
debug ppp error
debug ppp chap

Frame Relay sin Inverse ARP

Frame Relay sin Inverse ARP. Esto significa que crearemos los mapas manualmente.

Topologia Frame Relay
Lo primero es configurar los mapas.

R1(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.2 102 broadcast
R1(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.3 103 broadcast
R1(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.4 104 broadcast

R2#conf t
R2(config)#int s1/0
R2(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.1 201 broadcast
R2(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.3 203 broadcast
R2(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.4 204 broadcast
R2(config-if)#

R3#conf t
R3(config)#interface serial1/0
R3(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.1 301 broadcast
R3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.2 302 broadcast
R3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.4 304 broadcast
R3(config-if)#

R4#conf t
R4(config)#int s1/0
R4(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp
R4(config-if)#no shutdown
R4(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.1 401 broadcast
R4(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.2 402 broadcast
R4(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.3 403 broadcast
R4(config-if)#

R4#show frame map
Serial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.123.1 dlci 401(0x191,0x6410), static, broadcast,
              CISCO, status defined, active
Serial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.123.2 dlci 402(0x192,0x6420), staticbroadcast,
              CISCO, status defined, active
Serial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.123.3 dlci 403(0x193,0x6430), staticbroadcast,
              CISCO, status defined, active

R4#ping 192.168.123.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.123.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/52/116 ms

R4#ping 192.168.123.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.123.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/56/108 ms

R4#ping 192.168.123.3
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.123.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/52/124 ms


Configuración Interfaces.

R1#show running-config interface serial1/0
!
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 192.168.123.1 255.255.255.0
 encapsulation frame-relay
 serial restart-delay 0
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.3 103 broadcast
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.4 104 broadcast
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.2 102 broadcast
 no frame-relay inverse-arp
 frame-relay lmi-type cisco

R2#show running-config interface serial1/0
!
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 192.168.123.2 255.255.255.0
 encapsulation frame-relay
 serial restart-delay 0
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.4 204 broadcast
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.3 203 broadcast
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.1 201 broadcast
 no frame-relay inverse-arp
 frame-relay lmi-type cisco

R3#show running-config interface serial1/0
!
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 192.168.123.3 255.255.255.0
 encapsulation frame-relay
 serial restart-delay 0
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.4 304 broadcast
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.2 302 broadcast
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.1 301 broadcast
 no frame-relay inverse-arp
 frame-relay lmi-type cisco

R4#show run int s1/0
!
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 192.168.123.4 255.255.255.0
 encapsulation frame-relay
 serial restart-delay 0
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.4 401
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.3 403 broadcast
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.2 402 broadcast
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.1 401 broadcast
 no frame-relay inverse-arp
 frame-relay lmi-type cisco

Frame Relay con Inverse ARP

Con esta practica en GNS3, verificaremos y entenderemos el funcionamiento de Frame Relay. Esta tecnologia WAN (Wide Area Network) es muy popular porque facilita la construcción de redes confiables y de bajo costo. Uno de sus principales ventajas es de poder configurar enlaces seriales punto a punto con la capacidad de conectar un sitio a muchos sitios remotos a través de un circuito físico. En esta practica se mostrara el proceso de la configuración de Frame Relay utilizando la siguiente topologia.

Topologia de Frame Relay a Configurar en GNS3.

La imagen anterior muestra una topologia Full Mesh. Una red Mesh es una red múltiplemente conexa, en la cual los nodos tienen más de una conexión con más de un nodo diferente. No necesariamente deben conectarse todos contra todos, éste es un caso especial que se denomina Full-Mesh. Configuraremos esta topologia en GNS3, en el cual utilizaremos un Router central el cual le configuraremos cuatro interfaces seriales donde le indiciaremos los DLCIs para que puedan ser asignados dinamicamente con Inverse ARP. Al configurar la encapsulacion Frame Relay en cada Router, automaticamente detectara los DLCIs ya que Inverse ARP esta habilitado por defecto.

Frame Relay en GNS3 con topologia Full Mesh.

Para configurar esta toplogia primero realizaremos la configuracion del Switch de Frame Relay, donde le indicaremos los DLCIs. Lo primero es activar la conmutación Frame Relay en el Router con el siguiente comando.

FrameRelay(config)#frame-relay switching

Luego a configurar las interfaces seriales, la encapsulacion, el reloj, le indicaremos que la interface como dispositivo DCE y por ultimo definimos los DLCIs para cada interface.

FrameRelay#configure terminal
FrameRelay(config)#interface Serial1/0
FrameRelay(config-if)#no ip address
FrameRelay(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
FrameRelay(config-if)#clock rate 64000
FrameRelay(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce
FrameRelay(config-if)#frame-relay route 102 interface Serial1/1 201
FrameRelay(config-if)#frame-relay route 103 interface Serial1/2 301
FrameRelay(config-if)#frame-relay route 104 interface Serial1/3 401
FrameRelay(config-if)#no shutdown
FrameRelay(config-if)#exit
FrameRelay(config)#interface Serial1/1
FrameRelay(config-if)#no ip address
FrameRelay(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
FrameRelay(config-if)#clock rate 64000
FrameRelay(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce
FrameRelay(config-if)#frame-relay route 201 interface Serial1/0 102
FrameRelay(config-if)#frame-relay route 203 interface Serial1/2 302
FrameRelay(config-if)#frame-relay route 204 interface Serial1/3 402
FrameRelay(config-if)#no shutdown
FrameRelay(config-if)#exit
FrameRelay(config)#interface Serial1/2
FrameRelay(config-if)#no ip address
FrameRelay(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
FrameRelay(config-if)#clock rate 64000
FrameRelay(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce
FrameRelay(config-if)#frame-relay route 301 interface Serial1/0 103
FrameRelay(config-if)#frame-relay route 302 interface Serial1/1 203
FrameRelay(config-if)#frame-relay route 304 interface Serial1/3 403
FrameRelay(config-if)#no shutdown
FrameRelay(config-if)#exit
FrameRelay(config)#interface Serial1/3
FrameRelay(config-if)#no ip address
FrameRelay(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
FrameRelay(config-if)#clock rate 64000
FrameRelay(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce
FrameRelay(config-if)#frame-relay route 401 interface Serial1/0 104
FrameRelay(config-if)#frame-relay route 402 interface Serial1/1 204
FrameRelay(config-if)#frame-relay route 403 interface Serial1/2 304
FrameRelay(config-if)#no shutdown
FrameRelay(config-if)#exit
FrameRelay(config)#end
FrameRelay#
Ahora configuramos las interfaces de los Routers.
R1>enable
R1#configure terminal
R1(config)# interface serial1 /0
R1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R1(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.123.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#end
R1#
R2>enable
R2#configure terminal
R2(config)#interface serial1/0
R2(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R2(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.123.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#end
R2#
R3>enable
R3#configure terminal
R3(config)#interface serial1/0
R3(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R3(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.123.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#end
R3#
R4>enable
R4#configure terminal
R4(config)#interface serial1/0
R4(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R4(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco
R4(config-if)#ip address 192.168.123.4 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no shutdown
R4(config-if)#end
R4#
Terminando de realizar lo anterior ya podemos verificar en cualquier router con el comando show frame-relay pvc que Inverse ARP ha realizado su trabajo.
R1#show frame-relay pvc

PVC Statistics for interface Serial1/0 (Frame Relay DTE)

              Active     Inactive      Deleted       Static
  Local          3            0            0            0
  Switched       0            0            0            0
  Unused         0            0            0            0

DLCI = 102, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial1/0

  input pkts 1             output pkts 1            in bytes 34      
  out bytes 34             dropped pkts 0           in pkts dropped 0        
  out pkts dropped 0                out bytes dropped 0        
  in FECN pkts 0           in BECN pkts 0           out FECN pkts 0        
  out BECN pkts 0          in DE pkts 0             out DE pkts 0        
  out bcast pkts 1         out bcast bytes 34      
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  pvc create time 00:07:06, last time pvc status changed 00:06:46
         
DLCI = 103, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial1/0

  input pkts 1             output pkts 2            in bytes 34      
  out bytes 68             dropped pkts 0           in pkts dropped 0        
  out pkts dropped 0                out bytes dropped 0        
  in FECN pkts 0           in BECN pkts 0           out FECN pkts 0        
  out BECN pkts 0          in DE pkts 0             out DE pkts 0        
  out bcast pkts 2         out bcast bytes 68      
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  pvc create time 00:07:10, last time pvc status changed 00:06:50
         
DLCI = 104, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial1/0

  input pkts 1             output pkts 1            in bytes 34      
  out bytes 34             dropped pkts 0           in pkts dropped 0        
  out pkts dropped 0                out bytes dropped 0        
  in FECN pkts 0           in BECN pkts 0           out FECN pkts 0        
  out BECN pkts 0          in DE pkts 0             out DE pkts 0        
  out bcast pkts 1         out bcast bytes 34      
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  pvc create time 00:07:11, last time pvc status changed 00:06:41
Muestra estadísticas acerca de los PVC para las interfaces.

Como podemos ver, Inverse ARP ha detectado los DLCIs. Como se muestra en la salida anterior ha detectado 3 DLCIs en funcionamiento. Estas DLCIs son las que tenemos en nuestra topologia. Para verificar el funcionamiento de Frame Relay podemos también utilizar los siguientes comandos.
Las Estadisticas de los LMI.
R1#show frame-relay lmi
LMI Statistics for interface Serial1/0 (Frame Relay DTE) LMI TYPE = CISCO
  Invalid Unnumbered info 0             Invalid Prot Disc 0
  Invalid dummy Call Ref 0              Invalid Msg Type 0
  Invalid Status Message 0              Invalid Lock Shift 0
  Invalid Information ID 0              Invalid Report IE Len 0
  Invalid Report Request 0              Invalid Keep IE Len 0
  Num Status Enq. Sent 140              Num Status msgs Rcvd 115
  Num Update Status Rcvd 0              Num Status Timeouts 25
  Last Full Status Req 00:00:00         Last Full Status Rcvd 00:00:00

El mapeo de los DLCIs.
R1#show frame-relay map
Serial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.123.2 dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), dynamic,
              broadcast,, status defined, active
Serial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.123.3 dlci 103(0x67,0x1870), dynamic,
              broadcast,, status defined, active
Serial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.123.4 dlci 104(0x68,0x1880), dynamic,
              broadcast,, status defined, active0
Muestra las entradas de mapeo actuales.

En la salida anterior nos muestra los DLCIs y que han sido aprendidos de manera dinámica. Con el siguiente comando podemos verificar que estamos utilizando la encapsulación de frame-relay en la interface, los datos de LMI, los Keepalive y mas informacion sobre la interface.
R1#show interface serial1/0
Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
  Hardware is M4T
  Internet address is 192.168.123.1/24
  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
  Encapsulation FRAME-RELAY, crc 16, loopback not set
  Keepalive set (10 sec)
  Restart-Delay is 0 secs
  CRC checking enabled
  LMI enq sent  105, LMI stat recvd 80, LMI upd recvd 0, DTE LMI up
  LMI enq recvd 0, LMI stat sent  0, LMI upd sent  0
  LMI DLCI 1023  LMI type is CISCO  frame relay DTE
  FR SVC disabled, LAPF state down
  Broadcast queue 0/64, broadcasts sent/dropped 5/0, interface broadcasts 0
  Last input 00:00:06, output 00:00:06, output hang never
  Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:18:53
  Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
  Queueing strategy: weighted fair
  Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
     Conversations  0/1/256 (active/max active/max total)
     Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
     Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
     85 packets input, 1618 bytes, 0 no buffer
     Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
     114 packets output, 1671 bytes, 0 underruns
     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
     1 carrier transitions     DCD=up  DSR=up  DTR=up  RTS=up  CTS=up
Encapsulacion Frame Relay en la Interface Serial.

Verificamos la conectividad dando un ping a cada router.
R1#ping 192.168.123.2

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.123.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/142/332 ms
R1#ping 192.168.123.3

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.123.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 56/120/192 ms
R1#ping 192.168.123.4

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.123.4, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 64/127/240 ms


Topologia Full Mesh en Frame Relay

Lo primero es configurar el Switch Frame Relay

Desde configuración global agregamos el comando.

FrameRelaySwitch(config)#frame-relay switching

Después a configurar las interfaces con las DLCIs

Configuración Frame Relay Switch
!
interface Serial1/0
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
clock rate 64000
frame-relay intf-type dce
frame-relay route 102 interface Serial1/1 201
frame-relay route 103 interface Serial1/2 301
frame-relay route 104 interface Serial1/3 401
!
interface Serial1/1
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
clock rate 64000
frame-relay intf-type dce
frame-relay route 201 interface Serial1/0 102
frame-relay route 203 interface Serial1/2 302
frame-relay route 204 interface Serial1/3 402
!
interface Serial1/2
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
clock rate 64000
frame-relay intf-type dce
frame-relay route 301 interface Serial1/0 103
frame-relay route 302 interface Serial1/1 203
frame-relay route 304 interface Serial1/3 403
!
interface Serial1/3
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
clock rate 64000
frame-relay intf-type dce
frame-relay route 401 interface Serial1/0 104
frame-relay route 402 interface Serial1/1 204
frame-relay route 403 interface Serial1/2 304
!
Configuración R1
!
interface Serial1/0
ip address 192.168.123.1 255.255.255.0
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay lmi-type cisco
!
Configuración R2
!
interface Serial1/0
ip address 192.168.123.2 255.255.255.0
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay lmi-type cisco
!
Configuración R3
!
interface Serial1/0
ip address 192.168.123.3 255.255.255.0
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay lmi-type cisco
!
Configuración R4
!
interface Serial1/0
ip address 192.168.123.4 255.255.255.0
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay lmi-type cisco
!

Configuración de PPP y CHAP

En este post veremos como configurar PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) y CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol), en primer lugar debemos de comprender que tipo de conexión estamos haciendo. Un diagrama de red nos podría ayudar, tal como se muestra en la siguiente imagen donde se muestra una conexión básica de PPP y CHAP.

Configuración de PPP y CHAP en el Router2
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname Router1
Router1(config)#username Router2 password cisco
Router1(config)#interface serial1/0
Router1(config-if)#clockrate 64000
Router1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.130 255.255.255.252
Router1(config-if)#encapsulation ppp
Router1(config-if)#ppp authentication chap
Router1(config-if)#no shut
Router1(config-if)#end
Router1#ping 192.168.1.129

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.129, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/72/156 ms
Configuración de PPP y CHAP en el Router2
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname Router2
Router2(config)#username Router1 password cisco
Router2(config)#interface serial1/0
Router2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.129 255.255.255.252
Router2(config-if)#encapsulation ppp
Router2(config-if)#ppp authentication chap
Router2(config-if)#no shut
Router2(config-if)#end
Router2#ping 192.168.1.130

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.130, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/46/92 ms

Troubleshooting PPP y CHAP

Ahora que tenemos configurado PPP + CHAP, verificaremos la configuración de PPP en las interfaces configurada con el comando show interface, como se muestra a continuación.

Verificacion de la interface serial1/0 en el Router1
Router1#show interface serial1/0
Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is M4T
Internet address is 192.168.1.130/30
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation PPP, LCP Open
Open: IPCP, CDPCP, crc 16, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Restart-Delay is 0 secs
Last input 00:00:25, output 00:00:00, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:04:19
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations  0/1/256 (active/max active/max total)
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
31 packets input, 1988 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
33 packets output, 1419 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
1 carrier transitions     DCD=up  DSR=up  DTR=up  RTS=up  CTS=up
Verificación de la interface serial1/0 en el Router2
Router2#show interface serial1/0
Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is M4T
Internet address is 192.168.1.129/30
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation PPP, LCP Open
Open: IPCP, CDPCP, crc 16, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Restart-Delay is 0 secs
Last input 00:00:07, output 00:00:00, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:03:09
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations  0/1/256 (active/max active/max total)
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
34 packets input, 1727 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
35 packets output, 2052 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
1 carrier transitions     DCD=up  DSR=up  DTR=up  RTS=up  CTS=up

Comandos debug de PPP

Estos comandos nos puedes ser utilices para mostrar el proceso de PPP en las interfaces. También sirven de gran ayuda para administrar la red y así resolver problemas de enlace. Los comandos mas útiles son los siguientes.

Debugging PPP Authentication

El comando debug ppp authentication nos mostrara el proceso de autenticación de CHAP. Si la encapsulacion PPP y la autención estan configurados correctamente en los routers, asi como los nombres de usuario con sus respectivas contraseñas, se mostrara en la salida algo similar a lo siguiente.
Router1#debug ppp authentication
PPP authentication debugging is on
Router1#
*Mar  1 00:16:42.699: Se1/0 PPP: Authorization required
*Mar  1 00:16:42.707: Se1/0 CHAP: O CHALLENGE id 3 len 28 from "Router1"
*Mar  1 00:16:42.707: Se1/0 CHAP: I CHALLENGE id 3 len 28 from "Router2"
*Mar  1 00:16:42.711: Se1/0 CHAP: I RESPONSE id 3 len 28 from "Router2"
*Mar  1 00:16:42.723: Se1/0 PPP: Sent CHAP LOGIN Request
*Mar  1 00:16:42.723: Se1/0 CHAP: Using hostname from unknown source
*Mar  1 00:16:42.727: Se1/0 CHAP: Using password from AAA
*Mar  1 00:16:42.727: Se1/0 CHAP: O RESPONSE id 3 len 28 from "Router1"
*Mar  1 00:16:42.731: Se1/0 PPP: Received LOGIN Response PASS
*Mar  1 00:16:42.735: Se1/0 PPP: Sent LCP AUTHOR Request
*Mar  1 00:16:42.739: Se1/0 PPP: Sent IPCP AUTHOR Request
*Mar  1 00:16:42.743: Se1/0 LCP: Received AAA AUTHOR Response PASS
*Mar  1 00:16:42.747: Se1/0 IPCP: Received AAA AUTHOR Response PASS
*Mar  1 00:16:42.747: Se1/0 CHAP: O SUCCESS id 3 len 4
*Mar  1 00:16:42.935: Se1/0 CHAP: I SUCCESS id 3 len 4
*Mar  1 00:16:42.939: Se1/0 PPP: Sent CDPCP AUTHOR Request
*Mar  1 00:16:42.943: Se1/0 PPP: Sent IPCP AUTHOR Request
*Mar  1 00:16:42.955: Se1/0 CDPCP: Received AAA AUTHOR Response PASS
Router1#
Debug PPP Negotiation

Este comando nos muestra los procesos de negociacion de PPP, aqui un ejemplo.
Router1#debug ppp negotiation
PPP protocol negotiation debugging is on
Router1#
*Mar  1 00:20:47.199: Se1/0 LCP: I CONFREQ [Open] id 5 len 15
*Mar  1 00:20:47.199: Se1/0 LCP:    AuthProto CHAP (0x0305C22305)
*Mar  1 00:20:47.199: Se1/0 LCP:    MagicNumber 0x011C567B (0x0506011C567B)
*Mar  1 00:20:47.203: Se1/0 CDPCP: State is Closed
*Mar  1 00:20:47.203: Se1/0 IPCP: State is Closed
*Mar  1 00:20:47.207: Se1/0 PPP: Phase is TERMINATING
*Mar  1 00:20:47.211: Se1/0 PPP: Phase is ESTABLISHING
*Mar  1 00:20:47.211: Se1/0 LCP: O CONFREQ [Open] id 8 len 15
*Mar  1 00:20:47.211: Se1/0 LCP:    AuthProto CHAP (0x0305C22305)
*Mar  1 00:20:47.215: Se1/0 LCP:    MagicNumber 0x001D100F (0x0506001D100F)
*Mar  1 00:20:47.215: Se1/0 LCP: O CONFACK [Open] id 5 len 15
*Mar  1 00:20:47.215: Se1/0 LCP:    AuthProto CHAP (0x0305C22305)
*Mar  1 00:20:47.215: Se1/0 LCP:    MagicNumber 0x011C567B (0x0506011C567B)
*Mar  1 00:20:47.219: Se1/0 IPCP: Remove route to 192.168.1.129
*Mar  1 00:20:47.223: Se1/0 LCP: I CONFACK [ACKsent] id 8 len 15
*Mar  1 00:20:47.227: Se1/0 LCP: AuthProto CHAP (0x0305C22305)
*Mar  1 00:20:47.227: Se1/0 LCP:  MagicNumber 0x001D100F (0x0506001D100F)
*Mar  1 00:20:47.227: Se1/0 LCP: State is Open
*Mar  1 00:20:47.227: Se1/0 PPP: Phase is AUTHENTICATING, by both
*Mar  1 00:20:47.231: Se1/0 CHAP: O CHALLENGE id 5 len 28 from "Router1"
*Mar  1 00:20:47.231: Se1/0 CHAP: I CHALLENGE id 5 len 28 from "Router2"
*Mar  1 00:20:47.235: Se1/0 CHAP: I RESPONSE id 5 len 28 from "Router2"
*Mar  1 00:20:47.235: Se1/0 PPP: Phase is FORWARDING, Attempting Forward
*Mar  1 00:20:47.243: Se1/0 PPP: Phase is AUTHENTICATING, Unauthenticated User
*Mar  1 00:20:47.247: Se1/0 CHAP: Using hostname from unknown source
*Mar  1 00:20:47.247: Se1/0 CHAP: Using password from AAA
*Mar  1 00:20:47.247: Se1/0 CHAP: O RESPONSE id 5 len 28 from "Router1"
*Mar  1 00:20:47.251: Se1/0 PPP: Phase is FORWARDING, Attempting Forward
*Mar  1 00:20:47.255: Se1/0 PPP: Phase is AUTHENTICATING, Authenticated User
*Mar  1 00:20:47.263: Se1/0 CHAP: O SUCCESS id 5 len 4
*Mar  1 00:20:47.455: Se1/0 CHAP: I SUCCESS id 5 len 4
*Mar  1 00:20:47.459: Se1/0 PPP: Phase is UP
*Mar  1 00:20:47.459: Se1/0 IPCP: O CONFREQ [Closed] id 1 len 10
*Mar  1 00:20:47.459: Se1/0 IPCP:    Address 192.168.1.130 (0x0306C0A80182)
*Mar  1 00:20:47.463: Se1/0 PPP: Process pending ncp packets
*Mar  1 00:20:47.463: Se1/0 IPCP: I CONFREQ [REQsent] id 1 len 10
*Mar  1 00:20:47.467: Se1/0 IPCP:    Address 192.168.1.129 (0x0306C0A80181)
*Mar  1 00:20:47.467: Se1/0 AAA/AUTHOR/IPCP: Start.  Her address 192.168.1.129, we want 0.0.0.0
*Mar  1 00:20:47.471: Se1/0 CDPCP: I CONFREQ [Closed] id 1 len 4
*Mar  1 00:20:47.479: Se1/0 AAA/AUTHOR/IPCP: Reject 192.168.1.129, using 0.0.0.0
*Mar  1 00:20:47.479: Se1/0 AAA/AUTHOR/IPCP: Done.  Her address 192.168.1.129, we want 0.0.0.0
*Mar  1 00:20:47.483: Se1/0 IPCP: O CONFACK [REQsent] id 1 len 10
*Mar  1 00:20:47.483: Se1/0 IPCP:    Address 192.168.1.129 (0x0306C0A80181)
*Mar  1 00:20:47.483: Se1/0 IPCP: I CONFACK [ACKsent] id 1 len 10
*Mar  1 00:20:47.483: Se1/0 IPCP:    Address 192.168.1.130 (0x0306C0A80182)
*Mar  1 00:20:47.487: Se1/0 IPCP: State is Open
*Mar  1 00:20:47.487: Se1/0 CDPCP: O CONFREQ [Closed] id 1 len 4
*Mar  1 00:20:47.499: Se1/0 IPCP: Install route to 192.168.1.129
*Mar  1 00:20:47.547: Se1/0 CDPCP: I CONFACK [REQsent] id 1 len 4
*Mar  1 00:20:49.463: Se1/0 CDPCP: Timeout: State ACKrcvd
*Mar  1 00:20:49.463: Se1/0 CDPCP: O CONFREQ [ACKrcvd] id 2 len 4
*Mar  1 00:20:49.503: Se1/0 CDPCP: I CONFACK [REQsent] id 2 len 4
*Mar  1 00:20:49.527: Se1/0 CDPCP: I CONFREQ [ACKrcvd] id 2 len 4
*Mar  1 00:20:49.527: Se1/0 CDPCP: O CONFACK [ACKrcvd] id 2 len 4
*Mar  1 00:20:49.527: Se1/0 CDPCP: State is Open
Los otros comandos utiles son los siguientes:
debug ppp packet
debug ppp error
debug ppp chap

Configuración de Frame Relay

Frame Relay es un protocolo WAN muy popular porque facilita la construcción de redes confiables y de bajo costo. Uno de sus principales ventajas es de poder configurar enlaces seriales punto a punto con la capacidad de conectar un sitio a muchos sitios remotos a través de un circuito físico. En este post se mostrara la configuración de Frame Relay utilizando la siguiente topologia.
Empecemos configurando el primer Router
Router1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router1(config)#int s1/0
Router1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.248
Router1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
Router1(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp
Router1(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.2 102 broadcast
Router1(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.3 103 broadcast
Router1(config-if)#no shut
Router1(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:11:15.775: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1/0, changed state to up
Router1(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:11:26.775: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/0, changed state to up
Router1(config-if)#end
Router1#
Hacemos lo mismo con el Router2
Router2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router2(config)#int s1/0
Router2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.248
Router2(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
Router2(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp
Router2(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 201 broadcast
Router2(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.3 201    
Router2(config-if)#no shut
Router2(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:11:01.831: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1/0, changed state to up
Router2(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:11:12.831: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/0, changed state to up
Router2(config-if)#end
Router2#
Finalmente la configuracion del Router3
Router3#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router3(config)#int s1/0
Router3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.248
Router3(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
Router3(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp
Router3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 301 broadcast
Router3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.2 301   
Router3(config-if)#no shut
Router3(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:11:33.187: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1/0, changed state to up
Router3(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:11:44.187: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/0, changed state to up
Router3(config-if)#
Router3(config-if)#end
Router3#
Mostrar el estado de la interface serial1/0 en el Router3
Router3#show ip int brief
Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
FastEthernet0/0            unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
FastEthernet0/1            unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
Serial1/0                  192.168.1.3     YES manual up                    up
Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
Realizar una prueba de conectividad.
Router3#ping 192.168.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/73/132 ms
Router3#ping 192.168.1.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/105/344 ms
Router3#
Mostrar el estado de la interface serial1/0 en el Router2
Router2#show ip int brief
Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
FastEthernet0/0            unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
FastEthernet0/1            unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
Serial1/0                  192.168.1.2     YES manual up                    up
Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
Realizar una prueba de conectividad.
Router2#ping 192.168.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/63/148 ms
Router2#ping 192.168.1.3
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/127/276 ms
Router2#
Verificacamos la misma informacion en el Router1
Router1#show ip int brief
Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
FastEthernet0/0            unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
FastEthernet0/1            unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
Serial1/0                  192.168.1.1     YES manual up                    up
Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down

Router1#ping 192.168.1.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/56/140 ms
Router1#ping 192.168.1.3
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/60/140 ms
Router1#
Información de encapsulacion y otros datos de la interface serial1/0
Router1#show interfaces serial1/0
Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
 Hardware is M4T
 Internet address is 192.168.1.1/29
 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
    reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
 Encapsulation FRAME-RELAY, crc 16, loopback not set
 Keepalive set (10 sec)
 Restart-Delay is 0 secs
 LMI enq sent  44, LMI stat recvd 45, LMI upd recvd 0, DTE LMI up
 LMI enq recvd 0, LMI stat sent  0, LMI upd sent  0
 LMI DLCI 0  LMI type is ANSI Annex D  frame relay DTE
 Broadcast queue 0/64, broadcasts sent/dropped 0/0, interface broadcasts 0
 Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never
 Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:08:52
 Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
 Queueing strategy: weighted fair
 Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
    Conversations  0/1/256 (active/max active/max total)
    Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
    Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec
 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
    85 packets input, 4870 bytes, 0 no buffer
    Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
    0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
    89 packets output, 4936 bytes, 0 underruns
    0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
    0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
    1 carrier transitions     DCD=up  DSR=up  DTR=up  RTS=up  CTS=up
Router1#
Estadísticas LMI
Router1#show frame-relay lmi

LMI Statistics for interface Serial1/0 (Frame Relay DTE) LMI TYPE = ANSI
Invalid Unnumbered info 0             Invalid Prot Disc 0
Invalid dummy Call Ref 0              Invalid Msg Type 0
Invalid Status Message 0              Invalid Lock Shift 0
Invalid Information ID 0              Invalid Report IE Len 0
Invalid Report Request 0              Invalid Keep IE Len 0
Num Status Enq. Sent 51               Num Status msgs Rcvd 52
Num Update Status Rcvd 0              Num Status Timeouts 0
Last Full Status Req 00:00:36         Last Full Status Rcvd 00:00:36
El siguiente comando muestra el estado y varias estadísticas útiles de cada uno de los PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuits).
Router1#show frame-relay pvc

PVC Statistics for interface Serial1/0 (Frame Relay DTE)

       Active     Inactive      Deleted       Static
Local          2            0            0            0
Switched       0            0            0            0
Unused         0            0            0            0

DLCI = 102, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial1/0

input pkts 20            output pkts 21           in bytes 2080
out bytes 2140           dropped pkts 0           in pkts dropped 0  
out pkts dropped 0                out bytes dropped 0  
in FECN pkts 0           in BECN pkts 0           out FECN pkts 0  
out BECN pkts 0          in DE pkts 0             out DE pkts 0  
out bcast pkts 0         out bcast bytes 0  
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
pvc create time 00:09:11, last time pvc status changed 00:07:44

DLCI = 103, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial1/0

input pkts 20            output pkts 21           in bytes 2080
out bytes 2140           dropped pkts 0           in pkts dropped 0  
out pkts dropped 0                out bytes dropped 0  
in FECN pkts 0           in BECN pkts 0           out FECN pkts 0  
out BECN pkts 0          in DE pkts 0             out DE pkts 0  
out bcast pkts 0         out bcast bytes 0  
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
pvc create time 00:08:52, last time pvc status changed 00:07:45
Información de los mapas actuales
Router1#show frame-relay map
Serial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.1.2 dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), static,
       broadcast,
       CISCO, status defined, active
Serial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.1.3 dlci 103(0x67,0x1870), static,
       broadcast,
       CISCO, status defined, active
Estadisticas de trafico
Router1#show frame-relay traffic
Frame Relay statistics:
 ARP requests sent 0, ARP replies sent 0
 ARP request recvd 0, ARP replies recvd 0
Router1#

Clock Rate en las Interfaces Serial

Una WAN tiene un dispositivo DTE en un extremo y un dispositivo DCE en el otro.
DTE: Equipo del cliente
DCE: equipo propiedad del proveedor

Conectamos dos routers con un cable DCE-DTE (Back to Back), el DCE nos debe de proporcionar el clock rate.

Configuración del DCE
DCE#conf t
DCE(config)#int serial0
DCE(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.1 255.255.255.252
DCE(config-if)#no shut
DCE(config-if)#clock rate ?
Speed (bits per second)
1200
2400
4800
9600
19200
38400
56000
64000
72000
125000
148000
250000
500000
800000
1000000
1300000
2000000
4000000

-300-4000000-    Choose clockrate from list above

DCE(config-if)#clock rate 56000
DCE(config-if)#end
DCE#
DCE#show ip int brief
Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
Ethernet0              unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
Serial0                2.2.2.1         YES manual up                    up 
Serial1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
DCE#
DCE#show controllers serial 0
HD unit 0, idb = 0xC6CF8, driver structure at 0xCC178
buffer size 1524  HD unit 0, V.35 DCE cable, clockrate 56000
cpb = 0x21, eda = 0x4800, cda = 0x4814
RX ring with 16 entries at 0x214800
00 bd_ptr=0x4800 pak=0x1E5DCC ds=0x2187C4 status=80 pak_size=22
01 bd_ptr=0x4814 pak=0x1E7DCC ds=0x21F384 status=80 pak_size=104
02 bd_ptr=0x4828 pak=0x1E7BCC ds=0x21ECC8 status=80 pak_size=104
03 bd_ptr=0x483C pak=0x1E79CC ds=0x21E60C status=80 pak_size=104
04 bd_ptr=0x4850 pak=0x1E77CC ds=0x21DF50 status=80 pak_size=22
05 bd_ptr=0x4864 pak=0x1E75CC ds=0x21D894 status=80 pak_size=22
06 bd_ptr=0x4878 pak=0x1E73CC ds=0x21D1D8 status=80 pak_size=275
07 bd_ptr=0x488C pak=0x1E71CC ds=0x21CB1C status=80 pak_size=22
08 bd_ptr=0x48A0 pak=0x1E6FCC ds=0x21C460 status=80 pak_size=22
09 bd_ptr=0x48B4 pak=0x1E6DCC ds=0x21BDA4 status=80 pak_size=22
10 bd_ptr=0x48C8 pak=0x1E6BCC ds=0x21B6E8 status=80 pak_size=22
11 bd_ptr=0x48DC pak=0x1E69CC ds=0x21B02C status=80 pak_size=22
12 bd_ptr=0x48F0 pak=0x1E67CC ds=0x21A970 status=80 pak_size=22
13 bd_ptr=0x4904 pak=0x1E65CC ds=0x21A2B4 status=80 pak_size=275
14 bd_ptr=0x4918 pak=0x1E63CC ds=0x219BF8 status=80 pak_size=22
15 bd_ptr=0x492C pak=0x1E61CC ds=0x21953C status=80 pak_size=22
16 bd_ptr=0x4940 pak=0x1E5FCC ds=0x218E80 status=80 pak_size=22
cpb = 0x21, eda = 0x503C, cda = 0x503C
TX ring with 4 entries at 0x215000
00 bd_ptr=0x5000 pak=0x000000 ds=0x230AA8 status=80 pak_size=22
01 bd_ptr=0x5014 pak=0x000000 ds=0x230AA8 status=80 pak_size=22
02 bd_ptr=0x5028 pak=0x000000 ds=0x230AA8 status=80 pak_size=22
03 bd_ptr=0x503C pak=0x000000 ds=0x230AA8 status=80 pak_size=22
04 bd_ptr=0x5050 pak=0x000000 ds=0x230AA8 status=80 pak_size=22
0 missed datagrams, 0 overruns
0 bad datagram encapsulations, 0 memory errors
0 transmitter underruns
0 residual bit errors
Configuración del DTE
DTE#conf t
DTE(config)#int serial0
DTE(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.252
DTE(config-if)#no shut
DTE(config-if)#end
DTE#
DTE#show ip int brief
Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
BRI0                   unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
BRI0:1                 unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
BRI0:2                 unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
Ethernet0              unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
Serial0                2.2.2.2         YES manual up                    up
Serial1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
Serial2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
Serial3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
DTE#
DTE#ping 2.2.2.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2.2.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 32/33/36 ms
DTE#
DTE#show controllers serial 0
HD unit 0, idb = 0xB7570, driver structure at 0xBC8B0
buffer size 1524  HD unit 0, V.35 DTE cable
cpb = 0x22, eda = 0x4050, cda = 0x4064
RX ring with 16 entries at 0x224000
00 bd_ptr=0x4000 pak=0x147A20 ds=0x227908 status=80 pak_size=104
01 bd_ptr=0x4014 pak=0x149B98 ds=0x22EB84 status=80 pak_size=104
02 bd_ptr=0x4028 pak=0x1499A0 ds=0x22E4C8 status=80 pak_size=22
03 bd_ptr=0x403C pak=0x1497A8 ds=0x22DE0C status=80 pak_size=278
04 bd_ptr=0x4050 pak=0x1495B0 ds=0x22D750 status=80 pak_size=22
05 bd_ptr=0x4064 pak=0x1491C0 ds=0x22C9D8 status=80 pak_size=22
06 bd_ptr=0x4078 pak=0x148FC8 ds=0x22C31C status=80 pak_size=22
07 bd_ptr=0x408C pak=0x148DD0 ds=0x22BC60 status=80 pak_size=22
08 bd_ptr=0x40A0 pak=0x148BD8 ds=0x22B5A4 status=80 pak_size=278
09 bd_ptr=0x40B4 pak=0x1489E0 ds=0x22AEE8 status=80 pak_size=22
10 bd_ptr=0x40C8 pak=0x1487E8 ds=0x22A82C status=80 pak_size=22
11 bd_ptr=0x40DC pak=0x1485F0 ds=0x22A170 status=80 pak_size=22
12 bd_ptr=0x40F0 pak=0x1483F8 ds=0x229AB4 status=80 pak_size=22
13 bd_ptr=0x4104 pak=0x148200 ds=0x2293F8 status=80 pak_size=22
14 bd_ptr=0x4118 pak=0x148008 ds=0x228D3C status=80 pak_size=104
15 bd_ptr=0x412C pak=0x147E10 ds=0x228680 status=80 pak_size=104
16 bd_ptr=0x4140 pak=0x147C18 ds=0x227FC4 status=80 pak_size=104
cpb = 0x22, eda = 0x4850, cda = 0x4850
TX ring with 4 entries at 0x224800
00 bd_ptr=0x4800 pak=0x000000 ds=0x2476B8 status=80 pak_size=104
01 bd_ptr=0x4814 pak=0x000000 ds=0x2476B8 status=80 pak_size=22
02 bd_ptr=0x4828 pak=0x000000 ds=0x2476B8 status=80 pak_size=22
03 bd_ptr=0x483C pak=0x000000 ds=0x25C1D8 status=80 pak_size=275
04 bd_ptr=0x4850 pak=0x000000 ds=0x2476B8 status=80 pak_size=104
0 missed datagrams, 0 overruns
0 bad datagram encapsulations, 0 memory errors
0 transmitter underruns
0 residual bit errors